Depart the US for Madagascar.

Arrive in Antananarivo, Madagascar's capital, on a late-night flight. After clearing immigration and customs and exchanging money at the airport, meet our local guide and transfer to the hotel. Check in and rest after the long flight. (Please note: We recommend considering a stopover in Paris en route, or coming in a day early, to rest.)

Today is at leisure to recover from the long journey. Optional visit to Tsarasaotra park, a RAMSAR site.

After breakfast and a program orientation, receive an overview of Madagascar's culture, economy, political structure, and diverse natural environments. This afternoon, optional visit to Lemurs' Park, a private rescue and rehabilitation center and small botanical garden. This evening, gather for a welcome dinner at a local restaurant.

Today travel east to Andasibe, admiring the large Raphia farinifera palms along the way. After checking in at the hotel, visit Lemur Island, established by Vakona Lodge to provide sanctuary for displaced lemurs that were former pets and not suited for reintroduction into the wild. The lemurs are isolated on the island and accustomed to human visitors, which offers guests the unique opportunity to interact and be photographed with them. This evening, enjoy dinner overlooking the Madagascan rainforest.

Rise early for a full-day exploration of the Analamazaotra Reserve in Andasibe-Mantadia National Park. The primary forests of Andasibe-Mantadia contain a dense, humid, primary forest rich with lianas, moss, fern trees, and more than 100 orchid species. Other common plants growing here are Pandanus utilis, traveler's tree, Tambourissa, bamboos, and some precious woods like rosewood and ebony. Conservation of the forest is a critical challenge in this region due to the graphite mines inside the park; we will discuss conservation initiatives as they relate to natural resources. Some birds we may see are Madagascar Grebe, Malagasy Kingfisher, Madagascar Munia, Malagasy Paradise-Flycatcher, Nuthatch Vanga and Short-legged Ground-Roller. Tonight, take a walk in the Mitsinjo Analamazaotra Forest Station, a community-managed protected area, to look for nocturnal wildlife such as the locally endemic Goodman's mouse lemur, furry-eared and hairy-eared dwarf lemurs, leaf-tailed geckos, and the tree frogs Boophis viridis and Boophis pyrrhus.

This morning, have breakfast while listening to the peculiar call of the endangered indri, the largest living lemur species-some reach up to three feet tall! Andasibe-Mantadia is an ideal place to observe the indri, as there are some indri families there that have been habituated to humans. Considered a sacred animal in Madagascar, the indri is the focus of several myths. An additional 13 lemur species can be seen, including the woody lemur, gray bamboo lemur, diademed sifaka, brown lemur, red mouse lemur, red-bellied lemur, black-and-white ruffed lemur, and aye-aye. These forests are also home to more than a dozen other mammal species, more than 100 types of birds, 50 species of reptiles, and 80 amphibian species.

Return to Antananarivo this morning, with lunch at a local restaurant upon arrival. The afternoon is at leisure to rest.

After breakfast, begin the drive south to Antsirabe. En route, visit the small town of Ambatolampy and its aluminum pot factory for a glimpse into Madagascan industry. Though this factory is small-scale, one craftsman can make as many as 20 of these robust pots per day! Visit the local market, where our guide will explain the seasonality of foods available and how commerce works. Have lunch at a local restaurant and then continue to Antsirabe. After checking in, have dinner at the hotel.

Depart for the mountainous Ranomafana National Park, on the edge of Madagascar's High Plateau with elevations ranging from 1,640 to 4,921 feet. Ranomafana contains a variety of forest environments and is part of the Rainforests of the Atsinanana World Heritage Site. It has served as a model for subsequent parks and reserves in Madagascar and abroad. En route, stop in Ambositra to visit a workshop and discuss commerce in rural Madagascar. Check in at the lodge and have dinner. This evening, take a walk along the road bordering the national park in search of nocturnal species like chameleons and mouse lemurs.

Early morning birding with chances to see Mascarene Martin, Madagascar Magpie-Robin, Malagasy Sunbird, Malagasy Kestrel and Crested Drongo. After breakfast, hike in the 102,000-acre Ranomafana National Park. Please note that hikes are moderately difficult and uphill on the way in, and often include off-trail experiences. The pace will be based on the physical ability of the participants. Ranomafana's rainforest is home to the critically endangered greater bamboo lemur, golden bamboo lemur, and 11 other lemur species, plus species of precious woods, palm trees, orchids, and carnivorous plants. Among the 115 bird species found here, we hope to spot the beautiful Rufous-headed Ground-Roller. Have lunch at Centre ValBio (CVB), a world-famous research station established in 2003 and managed by Stony Brook University. Run by Dr. Patricia Wright, an accomplished American primatologist and conservationist, the CVB focuses on biodiversity, community health, environmental arts, and reforestation. Receive a presentation on the flora, fauna, and research efforts at ValBio. Birding this afternoon at ValBio and surrounds.

After breakfast, begin the journey to the Great South and Madagascar's most-visited park, Isalo. The day's drive is along some of the best roads in the country and the scenery is breathtaking. En route, stop at Anja Community Reserve, a 74-acre forest managed by the local community and a vital example of sustainable tourism in Madagascar. The reserve boasts a diverse variety of endemic species, including several families of orchids and saxicolous plants. The target here is the ring-tailed lemur. Possible birds are Red Fody, Forest Rock-Thrush, Madagascar Partridge and Madagascar Bee-Eater. Have lunch at a nearby restaurant, then continue the journey to Isalo. After a long day of driving, check in at the hotel, have dinner, and relax in anticipation of Isalo and its beautiful landscapes of sandstone canyons, fauna and flora, natural swimming pools, and waterfalls.

Spend the day exploring Isalo National Park, a continental sandstone plateau dating to the Jurassic Period. With luck, we will find the Benson's Forest Rock-Thrush, a subspecies endemic to the Isalo area. Hike across varied landscapes with different forms of sandstones, dotted with the famous dwarf baobab. After an hour's walk with short climbs, stop to rest in a spectacular valley with beautiful views. The overlook shows miles of azure sky, rocky desert, and winding greenery. Continue to a white-sand natural pool for the chance to go swimming before hiking back to the starting point. Return to the hotel for a cocktail and dinner.

This morning, we continue the final leg of our journey southward. Stop at Antsokay Arboretum, a 100-acre site created in 1980 by Swiss amateur biologist Hermann Petignat and dedicated to conservation of the country's endemic flora. Continue to the seaside town of Ifaty, situated near the Tropic of Capricorn.

Rise early for a special sunrise walk in Reniala Private Reserve, managed by a local environmental association working to develop ecotourism in the area. Hike some of the trails to explore the spiny forest, a unique ecosystem which only occurs in the southwest of Madagascar. The reserve contains more than 2,000 plant species, as well as impressively old baobabs, including one that is 41 feet in diameter. There are also 65 species of birds; rare endemics such as the Red-capped Coua and the Blue Vanga can easily be seen. Return to the hotel for a late breakfast, and explore the beach or hotel amenities. This evening, enjoy a special dinner under the baobab trees.

Fly back to Antananarivo today.

Explore the city during a drive to Ambohimanga Royal Hill, a hilltop fortress and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Explore the palace dwellings and heritage of Madagascar, then head to lunch at an open-air restaurant. The traditional meal will also be accompanied by the singing and dancing of a local dance troupe. Return to the hotel for dinner and time to pack, enjoying the use of a day room as we await our departure flights. This evening, head to the airport for the flight back to the US.

Arrive back in the US following the overnight flight.